The historical-philosophical ascendants that preceded the scientific revolution

Abstract

This article does not discuss directly the revolution in classical physics, but a vast period that preceded it. Its about looking for the components, medieval and Renaissance les prelude peered or theories of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Newton. These origins are traced in ancient Greece from the beginning of the period to hele-Nistico heyday of Alexandrian Museum, approaching authors with outstanding achievements.

Theophrastus exponents are located in botany, Euclid and Archimedes Apolonio in geometry, Aristarchus and Hipparchus in astronomy, Eratosthenes in geography, Herophilus and Erasistratus in anatomy. Within the Middle Ages, a period roughly a millennium, though it is still the basis of Aristotle and Ptolemy, has found pioneers of scientific development.

One of them was Albert the Great and his acute observations on minerals, plants and animals. Another is Robert Grosseteste that introduces an empiricist methodology for analysis and use of mathematics in the study of nature. Also in Roger Bacon is an attempt to overcome the Authority Aristotelian looking to combine reason and experiment.

 In the early Middle Ages constituted a major figure in the William of Ockham, who tried to split the reason of faith, philosophy, theology, and especially removing metaphysics of science and abstract concepts, and leaving the particular, contingent and observable.

Humanism and Renaissance marks another stage, where there is a rediscovery of the culture of seniority, imitation and try to excel, the demolition of culture and mediaeval authority, translation and dissemination of ideas-Eastern pagan (who developed the association between magic and science). From this direction, some authors addressed that mix magic and science as Ficino, Mirandola, Reuchlin, Fracastoro, Cardano, Bruno, Campanella, Agrippa, Paracelsus, and others, and who leave their footprints on Copernicus, Kepler and Newton . It also discusses the methodology rationalist Descartes analytical and inductiveempiricist Bacon goes, as the basis of the scientific method. Finally, it is emphasized that the new science is the continuity of ancient science and that without this it would not have been possible.